1. Sea Level Rise

Source: Kompas

Global warming causes the melting of ice at the poles and glaciers, contributing to the rise in sea level. This poses a threat to small islands, coastal areas, and coral reef ecosystems.

In just 30 years, from 1993 to 2023, the average global sea level has risen more than 9 centimeters (cm) due to climate change.

The rise in sea level was animated by the United States space agency, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), through an animation released on its website. The animation was created by Andrew J. Christensen, a data visualizer for NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio, and was released on June 16, 2023.

2. Changes in Weather Patterns

Source: js.UGM.ac.id

Changes in weather patterns, including an increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events such as storms, floods, droughts, and hurricanes.

Changes in weather patterns refer to shifts or alterations in the characteristics and behavior of weather that occur over longer periods. These changes can include variations in temperature, precipitation (rain and snow), air humidity, wind speed and direction, and the frequency of extreme weather events.

Changes in weather patterns can be caused by various factors, including global climate change and natural variations in the atmospheric system.

3. Ecosystem Disturbance and Biodiversity

Photo: MongabayCoral reef damage in Indonesia due to climate change, Mongabay.co.id

Climate change can alter environmental conditions and disrupt ecosystems. Shifting species' geographical distributions can threaten biodiversity and lead to species extinction.

Climate change can have significant impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. It can disrupt ecosystems at various levels, ranging from terrestrial to marine ecosystems.

Climate change can result in changes in rainfall patterns, including increased occurrences of floods or droughts. Terrestrial ecosystems such as forests and grasslands may experience alterations in plant composition and loss of habitat for some species. Unstable ecosystem conditions can jeopardize population sustainability and biodiversity.Climate change can result in changes in rainfall patterns, including increased occurrences of floods or droughts. Terrestrial ecosystems such as forests and grasslands may experience alterations in plant composition and loss of habitat for some species. Unstable ecosystem conditions can jeopardize population sustainability and biodiversity.

The rise in global temperatures can cause changes in local climate, including an increase in average temperatures in various regions. Plant and animal species unable to adapt to temperature changes may face the risk of extinction. Temperature changes can also affect aquatic and marine ecosystems, leading to unexpected shifts in species distribution and migration.